用C#抓網頁資料
最近有個小需求,要用C#抓網頁資料,先找了下解析器,原本是想用nsoup,後來經過比較後還是選擇了HtmlAgilityPack。
先建了Model
public class MovieInfo
{
public Uri ImageUri { get; set; }
public string ChineseName { get; set; }
public string EnglishName { get; set; }
public DateTime ReleaseDateTime { get; set; }
public string BriefDescription { get; set; }
public string FullyDescription { get; set; }
public override string ToString()
{
return string.Format("Movie [{0}], [{1}], [{2}], [{3}], [{4}]",
ChineseName,
EnglishName,
ReleaseDateTime,
BriefDescription,
ImageUri);
}
}
而Parser的部份(原本是要和ScrapySharp一起使用,後來看到範例可以簡單的解析,就沒有另外學了,話說XPath要花點時間瞭解下才對)
先看奇摩電影上的html結構
<div class="item">
<div class="img">
<a href="https://tw.rd.yahoo.com/referurl/movie/thisweek/info/*https://tw.movies.yahoo.com/movieinfo_main.html/id=6344">
<img src="https://s.yimg.com/vu/movies/fp/mpost4/63/44/6344.jpg" title="死亡筆記本:決戰新世界">
</a>
</div>
<div class="text">
<h4>
<a href="https://tw.rd.yahoo.com/referurl/movie/thisweek/info/*https://tw.movies.yahoo.com/movieinfo_main.html/id=6344">死亡筆記本:決戰新世界</a>
</h4>
<h5>
<a href="https://tw.rd.yahoo.com/referurl/movie/thisweek/info/*https://tw.movies.yahoo.com/movieinfo_main.html/id=6344">Death
Note Light up the NEW world</a></h5>
<span class="date">上映日期:<span>2016-11-25</span></span>
<p>
★ 史上最經典鬥智推理代表作《死亡筆記本》,電影版十年後全新篇章再起! ★ 《寄生獸》東出昌大 X 《紙之月》池松壯亮 X 《暗殺教室》
<ins>...<a href="movieinfo_main.html/id=6344" hpp="thisweek-guide">詳全文</a></ins>
</p>
<div class="clearfix">
<ul class="links clearfix">
<li class="intro"><a
href="https://tw.rd.yahoo.com/referurl/movie/thisweek/info/*https://tw.movies.yahoo.com/movieinfo_main.html/id=6344">電影介紹</a>
</li>
<li class="trailer"><a
href="https://tw.rd.yahoo.com/referurl/movie/thisweek/trailer/*https://tw.movies.yahoo.com/video/死亡筆記本-決戰新世界-中文版預告-015209257.html">預告片</a>
</li>
<li class="photo"><a
href="https://tw.rd.yahoo.com/referurl/movie/thisweek/photo/*https://tw.movies.yahoo.com/movieinfo_photos.html/id=6344">劇照</a>
</li>
<li class="time"><a
href="https://tw.rd.yahoo.com/referurl/movie/thisweek/time/*https://tw.movies.yahoo.com/movietime_result.html/id=6344">時刻表</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
可以發現每部電影都是放在div class=”item”中的,所以解析的程式就從這個節點開始處理,下列程式碼中的nodes就是當頁所有電影的資訊,在Parsing時,順便用看看Parallel.ForEach這個功能,不過目前並沒有實際量測總花費時間。
public static class YahooMovieParser
{
private static readonly object Sync = new object();
public static List<MovieInfo> Parse(string webContent)
{
var html = new HtmlAgilityPack.HtmlDocument();
html.LoadHtml(webContent);
var root = html.DocumentNode;
var nodes = root.Descendants()
.Where(n => n.GetAttributeValue("class", "").Equals("item"));
var movieInfos = new List<MovieInfo>();
// if not consider the order
Parallel.ForEach(nodes, node =>
{
var mi = new MovieInfo();
var divImg = node
.Descendants().Single(n => n.GetAttributeValue("class", "").Equals("img"))
.Descendants("a").Single()
.Descendants("img").Single()
.Attributes[0].Value;
var divText = node.Descendants()
.Single(n => n.GetAttributeValue("class", "").Equals("text"));
var cname = divText
.Descendants("h4").Single()
.Descendants("a").Single()
.InnerText;
var ename = divText
.Descendants("h5").Single()
.Descendants("a").Single()
.InnerText;
var rDate = divText
.Descendants("span").FirstOrDefault()
.ChildNodes[1].InnerText;
var briefDescription = divText
.Descendants("p").Single()
.FirstChild
.InnerText;
mi.ImageUri = new Uri(divImg);
mi.ChineseName = cname;
mi.EnglishName = ename;
mi.ReleaseDateTime = DateTime.ParseExact(rDate, "yyyy-MM-dd", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
mi.BriefDescription = briefDescription;
lock (Sync)
{
movieInfos.Add(mi);
}
});
return movieInfos;
}
}
不過這些不是重點,重點是試用目前正在學的Rx的方式來完成,如下
private IObservable<List<MovieInfo>> ParseMovie(string url)
{
var wc = new WebClient() { Encoding = Encoding.UTF8 };
// when received the download completed event,
// parse the data and return to the caller
IObservable<List<MovieInfo>> observable = Observable
.FromEventPattern<DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs>(wc, "DownloadStringCompleted")
.Select(item =>
{
var data = item.EventArgs.Result;
return YahooMovieParser.Parse(data);
});
wc.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri(url));
return observable;
}
話說我之前在知道可以用var後,就儘量使用它,不過後來又看到有不同的意見,想了想後,就決定在很明顯的地方才用var宣告型態,因為像上面的Observable.FromEventPattern的回傳型態,我又用了select,無法光看就知道實際型態(要移動滑鼠讓IDE顯示)。
程式中的observable,取代了我們原本在採用非同步呼叫時所用的callback等方式,指定在完成後取得結果,並執行解析動作,讓後來的訂閱者(如下方程式碼中的iCanBeDisposed)取用.
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// parse movie every second, output the result when finished.
IDisposable iCanBeDisposed = Observable.Interval(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10))
.ObserveOn(SynchronizationContext.Current)
.Subscribe(count =>
{
ParseMovie(URL_THIS_WEEK)
.Subscribe(movieInfos =>
{
listBox1.Items.Clear();
listBox1.Items.Add("本週新片");
listBox1.Items.Add("Count: " + count);
foreach (var item in movieInfos)
{
listBox1.Items.Add(item.ToString());
}
});
ParseMovie(URL_IN_THEATERS)
.Subscribe(movieInfos =>
{
listBox2.Items.Clear();
listBox2.Items.Add("上映中");
listBox2.Items.Add("Count: " + count);
foreach (var item in movieInfos)
{
listBox2.Items.Add(item.ToString());
}
});
},
ex => Trace.WriteLine(ex));
}
由於上映中的電影有分頁,之後再試用非同步方式撈出其它分頁的資料,以及電影本身的詳細資料。
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